Nonimmune fetal ascites: identification of ultrasound findings predictive of perinatal death

Abstract

AbstractTo determine the ultrasonographic findings that predict death in fetal ascites.This was a retrospective cohort study involving pregnancies with ultrasonographic findings related to fetal ascites. The inclusion criteria were as follows: single pregnancy with a live fetus; ultrasound findings of ascites; ascites unrelated to maternal fetal alloimmunization; and pregnancy follow-up at our institution. TheA total of 154 pregnancies were included in the study. In 8 (5.19%) cases, ascites was an isolated finding, and in 146 cases, other alterations were observed during the ultrasound evaluation. Death before hospital discharge occurred in 117 cases (76.00%). The following ultrasonographic findings were significantly associated with death: gestational age at diagnosis <24 weeks (P<0.0001); stable/progressive ascites evolution (P=0.004); the presence of hydrops (P<0.0001); and the presence of cystic hygroma (P<0.0001). The presence of hydrops, the presence of respiratory tract malformations, and stable/progressive ascites evolution were significantly associated with the prediction of death.Based on ultrasound examination, the presence of hydrops, malformation of the respiratory tract, and stable/progressive evolution of ascites increase the chances of death in cases of fetal ascites.