The EU Gender Earnings Gap: Job Segregation and Working Time as Driving Factors

Author:

Boll Christina1,Rossen Anja2,Wolf André1

Affiliation:

1. Hamburg Institute of International Economics (HWWI) , Baumwall 7, 20459 Hamburg , Germany

2. Institute for Employment Research (IAB) , Thomas-Mann-Str. 50, 90471 Nürnberg , Germany

Abstract

Abstract This paper estimates size and impact factors of the gender pay gap in Europe. It adds to the literature in three aspects. First, we update existing figures on the gender pay gaps in the EU based on the Structure of Earnings Survey 2010 (SES). Second, we enrich the literature by undertaking comprehensive country comparisons of the gap components based on an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. Overall, we analyse 21 EU countries plus Norway, which clearly exceeds the scope of existing microdata studies. Third, we examine the sources of the unexplained gap. We find that about one third of the gap can be traced back to the role of the explanatory factors included in our analysis. Human capital related factors are of minor importance. Instead, the sectoral segregation of genders is identified as the most important barrier to gender pay equality in European countries. In addition, the fact that part-time positions are more frequent among women notably contributes to the gap. Furthermore, sector premiums are generally to men’s advantage, this might point to a less advanta-geous within-sector positional sorting for women compared to men. We conclude that policies aiming at closing the gender pay gap should focus more on the sector level than on the aggregate economy.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Economics and Econometrics,Social Sciences (miscellaneous),General Business, Management and Accounting

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