Identification of cancer stem cells derived from U118MG and the involvement of LncRNA-DC and STAT3 in promoting their malignant transformation

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that share similarities with somatic stem cells. CSCs are believed to play a key role in carcinogenesis, metastasis, cancer relapse, and drug resistance. Despite their significant impacts, the specific biological markers for the identification of CSCs and their differentiation/transformation mechanisms have not yet been fully characterized. Methods Utilizing stem cell markers, the ability to differentiate in multiple directions, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, CSCs were identified. To assess the variations in gene expression, gene alterations, protein expression, and cell proliferation between CSCs and U118MG glioma cells, second generation sequencing, Real-Time PCR, Western Blotting, and CCK-8 were employed. Results In this study, we identified a subset of CSCs in human U118MG glioma cells that expressed the stem cell biomarkers CD133+, OCT4+, and CD44+. These cells exhibited stem cell-like characteristics such as multilineage differentiation and resistance to chemical and radiation stresses. Notably, they can form neurons with electrical signals and sodium currents. Further study also revealed that the malignant growth of this CSC subset was controlled by long noncoding RNA (Lnc-DC) through the STAT3 pathway. Conclusions As a potential therapeutic approach, inhibiting Lnc-DC may be beneficial in hindering carcinogenesis and drug resistance, as it selectively targets the growth of CSCs.