Conventional arrayed waveguide grating (CAWG) devices for high stability and low insertion loss in near infrared wavelength band

Abstract

Abstract This study has presented the different suggested compounds based (CAWG) like silicon dioxide (SiO2), lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and gallium aluminum arsenide (Ga(1-x)Al(x)As) taking into consideration their operating wavelength range, their operating temperature range, their physical properties, and also their ability to be used in the manufacture of optical devices. The optimum performance was given in case of using the following materials such as SiO2, LiNbO3 and Ga(1-x)Al(x)As materials, so these materials have been used as a proposed materials based CAWG devices, which have been investigated for high stability and low insertion loss in near infrared wavelength band. The comparison between these proposed materials are clarified through the design parameters of CAWG device such as the order of diffraction (m), path length adjacent waveguides difference (ΔL), focal length (L f ), free spectral range (FSR), max no. of I/O wavelength channels (N max), and arrayed waveguides (P) number.