Theoretical and experimental studies on hazard analysis of LPG/LNG release: a review

Abstract

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the failure and associated hazards of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and natural gas (NG) vessels during handling, storage, and transport. The leakage of LPG and NG from the vessels creates major hazards with the loss of containment. In case of fire, an extensive damage to the property (such as building and plants) and the population also occurs. This review is focused on several areas where the work done in the literature is scarce and missing, such as the failure modes of LPG or NG vessels during storage and transport and the estimation of the amount of the leakage and ignition time during these situations. This paper describes the different possible events such as jet fire, fireball, and vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and their mechanisms and the blast effects on the population or the environment. In this paper, all the experimental studies on pool fire, jet fire, boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion, and VCE associated with LPG/LNG have been analyzed. Moreover, modeling approaches and their corresponding equations, computational fluid dynamic approaches, and software used have also been reviewed.