Role of monolignol glucosides in supramolecular assembly of cell wall components in ginkgo xylem formation

Author:

Terashima Noritsugu1,Matsushita Yasuyuki23,Yagami Sachie2,Nishimura Hiroshi4,Yoshida Masato2,Fukushima Kazuhiko2

Affiliation:

1. Ljgnin Institute, Nagoya University , 2-610 Uedayama , Tenpaku , Nagoya 468-0001 , Japan

2. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 , Japan

3. Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo 183-8509 , Japan

4. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere , Kyoto Uhiversity , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 , Japan

Abstract

Abstract The physical, chemical and biological properties of wood depend on the supramolecular assembly of cellulose microfibrils (CMFs), hemicelluloses (HCs) and lignin in the growing cell walls. Based on the 13C-tracer studies of ginkgo xylem formation, a hypothetical scenario for the role of monolignol glucosides (MLGs) in the assembly is proposed as follows: (1) Both moieties, aglycone monolignols and glycone d-glucose (d-Glc), play essential roles in a cooperative manner in delivery of hydrophobic and highly reactive p-hydroxycinnamyl- (H), coniferyl- (G) alcohols to the hydrophilic site of lignin deposition. (2) The d-Glc liberated at lignification site is converted into essential HCs mainly via Golgi apparatus under the influence of diurnally changing turgor pressure, and partly converted in the apoplast. (3) At cell corner middle lamella, a pressure-resistant layer of HG-lignin-HCs-CMFs is formed, and allows expansion of new cells in cambium region by elevation of turgor pressure. The deformable G-lignin-HCs-CMFs layer at secondary wall shrinks by dehydration of the swollen gel of HCs-CMFs during differentiation, and contributes posture control of standing tree. On-demand quick supply of a large amount of monolignols and HCs can be achieved by the large storage and delivery of MLGs in the growing ginkgo xylem.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Biomaterials

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