Intermittent vs. continuous swimming training on adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in metabolic syndrome experimental model
Author:
Nayebifar Shila1ORCID, Nakhaei Hossein2ORCID, Kakhki Zohreh Borhani3, Ghasemi Elham4
Affiliation:
1. Department of Sport Sciences , Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan , Zahedan , Iran 2. Health Promotion Research Center , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences , Zahedan , Iran 3. Farhangian University , Tehran , Iran 4. Department of Sport Sciences , Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol , Zabol , Iran
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In this study, metabolic syndrome-affected rats were studied to examine how intermittent and continuous swimming training influenced adipokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Methods
Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized in this experimental study into four groups (n=8), including normal control (NC), metabolic syndrome (MS), continuous swimming training with metabolic syndrome (CT-MS: load 0–3% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks), and intermittent swimming training with metabolic syndrome (IT-MS: load 5–16% body mass, 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks). The serum levels of metrnl, adipolin, irisin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured using the ELISA test.
Results
The IT-MS and NC groups exhibited significantly lower leptin concentrations than the CT-MS group (p=0.001). The irisin, meteorin, and adipolin serum levels increased significantly in CT-MS and IT relative to the NC and CT-MS groups (p=0.001), with the changes being more pronounced in the IT group (p=0.05). TNF-α and IL-6 were inclined in the CT-MS group compared with the other three groups (p=0.001), while IL-6 was increased in the IT group (p=0.024).
Conclusions
Intermittent swimming is more effective than continuous swimming training in improving adipokines in rats with metabolic syndrome.
Funder
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Endocrinology,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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