Analytical and therapeutic profiles of DNA methylation alterations in cancer; an overview of changes in chromatin arrangement and alterations in histone surfaces-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Analytical and therapeutic profiles of DNA methylation alterations in cancer; an overview of changes in chromatin arrangement and alterations in histone surfaces

Published:2023-02-17 Issue:3 Volume:44 Page:337-356
ISSN:1868-1891
Container-title:Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Norollahi Seyedeh Elham¹,Vahidi Sogand²,Shams Shima³,Keymoradzdeh Arman⁴,Soleymanpour Armin³,Solymanmanesh Nazanin³,Mirzajani Ebrahim⁵,Jamkhaneh Vida Baloui⁶,Samadani Ali Akbar⁷

Affiliation:

1. Cancer Research Center and Department of Immunology , Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran

2. Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran

3. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine , Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran

4. Department of Neurosurgery , School of Medicine , Imam Hossein Hospital , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran

5. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine , Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran

6. Department of Veterinary Medicine , Islamic Azad University of Babol Branch , Babol , Iran

7. Guilan Road Trauma Research Center , Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran

Abstract

Abstract DNA methylation is the most important epigenetic element that activates the inhibition of gene transcription and is included in the pathogenesis of all types of malignancies. Remarkably, the effectors of DNA methylation are DNMTs (DNA methyltransferases) that catalyze de novo or keep methylation of hemimethylated DNA after the DNA replication process. DNA methylation structures in cancer are altered, with three procedures by which DNA methylation helps cancer development which are including direct mutagenesis, hypomethylation of the cancer genome, and also focal hypermethylation of the promoters of TSGs (tumor suppressor genes). Conspicuously, DNA methylation, nucleosome remodeling, RNA-mediated targeting, and histone modification balance modulate many biological activities that are essential and indispensable to the genesis of cancer and also can impact many epigenetic changes including DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as adjusting of non-coding miRNAs expression in prevention and treatment of many cancers. Epigenetics points to heritable modifications in gene expression that do not comprise alterations in the DNA sequence. The nucleosome is the basic unit of chromatin, consisting of 147 base pairs (bp) of DNA bound around a histone octamer comprised of one H3/H4 tetramer and two H2A/H2B dimers. DNA methylation is preferentially distributed over nucleosome regions and is less increased over flanking nucleosome-depleted DNA, implying a connection between nucleosome positioning and DNA methylation. In carcinogenesis, aberrations in the epigenome may also include in the progression of drug resistance. In this report, we report the rudimentary notes behind these epigenetic signaling pathways and emphasize the proofs recommending that their misregulation can conclude in cancer. These findings in conjunction with the promising preclinical and clinical consequences observed with epigenetic drugs against chromatin regulators, confirm the important role of epigenetics in cancer therapy.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Endocrinology,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism

Link

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0043/pdf

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