Affiliation:
1. Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
Abstract
Abstract
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are a group of volatile organic compounds that human exposure to them may result in the development of some diseases, including cancer. Biological monitoring plays an important role in exposure assessment of workers occupationally exposed to chemicals. Several metabolites have been proposed for biological monitoring of individuals who are exposed to BTEX. There are a variety of extraction methods and analytical techniques for the determination of unmetabolized BTEX in exhaled air and their urinary metabolites. The present study aimed to summarize and review the toxicokinetics of BTEX and sample preparation and analytical methods for their measurement. Metabolites of BTEX are discussed to find out reliable ones for biological monitoring of workers exposed to these chemicals. In addition, analytical methods for unmetabolized BTEX in exhaled air and their metabolites were reviewed in order to obtain a comparison between them in term of selectivity, sensitivity, simplicity, time, environmental-friendly and cost. Given the recent trends in sample preparation, including miniaturization, automation, high-throughput performance, and on-line coupling with analytical instrument, it seems that microextraction techniques, especially microextraction by packed sorbents are the methods of choice for the determination of the BTEX metabolites.
Reference151 articles.
1. Wilbur SB, Keith S, Faroon O, Wohlers D. Toxicological profile for benzene. US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2007.
2. Blank IH, McAuliffe DJ. Penetration of benzene through human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1985;85(6):522-6.
3. Snyder R. Overview of the toxicology of benzene. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000;61(5-6):339-46.
4. IRIS. Benzene Integrated Risk Information System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2007.
5. Lyon F. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Some industrial chemicals. 1994;60:389-433.
Cited by
22 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献