Growth and metabolic effects of long-term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age: GH-RAST study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To study the efficacy and influence on metabolism of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods Retrospective, observational, multicenter study in 305 short children born SGA, treated with rhGH during a mean ± SD of 5.03 ± 1.73 years at a mean ± SD dose of 37 ± 8 μg/kg/day. Auxological and metabolic assessment including glucose and lipids profile were collected. Results Mean ± SD age at the start of treatment was 7.11 ± 2.78 years. Height and weight improved significantly until the end of treatment from mean −2.72 (CI95%: −2.81 to −2.63) standard deviation score (SDS) to −1.16 (CI95%: −1.44 to −0.88) SDS and from −1.62 (CI95%: −1.69 to −1.55) SDS to −0.94 (CI95%: −1.14 to −0.74) SDS respectively. Mean height gain was 1.27 (CI95%: 0.99–1.54) SDS. Prepubertal patients showed higher height gain than pubertal children (mean [CI95%] = 1.44 [CI95%: 1.14–1.74] vs. 0.73 [CI95%: 0.22–1.24], p=0.02). Height gain SDS during treatment negatively correlated with chronological age (CA) and bone age (BA) delay and positively correlated with duration of treatment, height gain during first year of treatment, years on prepubertal treatment and height SDS from target height (TH). Glucose, insulin, and triglycerides increased significantly but remained within the normal range. Total and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly, and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. Conclusions rhGH treatment in short SGA children effectively normalized height in most of the patients and showed a safe metabolic profile. Children who benefit the most are those with greater height SDS distance from TH, BA delay, longer duration of treatment and prepubertal treatment initiation.