Investigation of process variable effects on palm kernelamidopropyl betaine production
Author:
Fatihah Amanda Nazwa Nur1, Pratiwi Meiti2, Istyami Astri Nur2, Purwadi Ronny3, Lestari Dianika3
Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemical Engineering , Bandung Institute of Technology , Bandung , Indonesia 2. Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy , Bandung Institute of Technology , Jl. Ganesha No. 10 , 40132 Bandung , West Java , Indonesia 3. Department of Food Engineering , Bandung Institute of Technology , Bandung , Indonesia
Abstract
Abstract
Cocamidopropyl betaine is a coconut oil-based surfactant that is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products due to its milder and less irritating properties compared to conventional petroleum-based surfactants. Palm kernel oil can be used for the synthesis of betaine (palm kernel amidopropyl betaine), following the same route as for the synthesis with coconut oil via two reaction steps. However, there was little information on the optimal operating conditions for each process. The method for the production of betaine and its operating conditions were studied in order to obtain a compatible betaine product with better properties than those of the commercial product. The studied method and operating conditions allowed the production of low viscosity betaine with a higher surfactant content (31.55 wt%) than that of the commercial betaine products (25.10 wt%). In addition, other feedstocks such as coconut oil, split palm kernel oil and coconut oil-based fatty acid methyl ester were used in this study to produce betaine from low-cost production.
Funder
Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS) Indonesia
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Condensed Matter Physics,General Chemical Engineering,General Chemistry
Reference12 articles.
1. Jacob, S. E., Atnini, S. Cocamidopropyl betaine. Dermatitis 2008, 19, 157–160; https://doi.org/10.2310/6620.2008.06043. 2. Hunter, J. E., Fowler, J. F. Safety to human skin of cocamidopropyl betaine: a mild surfactant for personal-care products. J. Surfactants Deterg. 1998, 1, 235–239; https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-998-0025-3. 3. Nicander, I., Rantanen, I., Rozell, B. L., Söderling, E., Ollmar, S. The ability of betaine to reduce the irritating effects of detergents assessed visually, histologically and by bioengineering methods. Skin Res. Technol. 2003, 9, 50–58; https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0846.2003.00367.x. 4. Weerasooriya, U., Boorem, J., Hodle, B., Boorem, A., Radford, P., Stevenson, H., Barr, G. G. Process for Process for Making Fatty Amides. US Patent US20110092715A1, 2011. 5. Becker, L. C., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., Marks, J. G., Shank, R. C., Slaga, T. J., Snyder, P. W., Gill, L. J., Heldreth, B. Safety assessment of glycerin as used in cosmetics. Int. J. Toxicol. 2009, 38, 6S–22S; https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581819883820.
|
|