Bubble Columns with Internals: A Review

Abstract

Abstract Most industrial bubble column reactors require the utilization of internal structures for heat transfer and/or for controlling the flow structures and back mixing in the system. The internals denote all types of innards added to a bubble column, such as perforated plates, baffles, vibrating helical springs, mixers, and heat exchanger tubes. In commercial scale bubble columns, instrumentation probes, down-comers, and risers with heat exchangers are all considered. This review presents the state-of-knowledge of bubble columns with internals. It starts with an introduction. The second section discusses the horizontal internals, and the following section examines the studies involving vertical internals.