Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of ionic liquid incorporation on the optical properties, Urbach energy, thin film morphology, and surface roughness of poly(vinyl chloride) based on ionic materials

Author:

Akram Evon1,Rashad Alaa A.2,Rahman Mokdad Hayawi3,Abed Rasheed N.4,Al-Baidhani Mohammed5,Basem Ali6,Kadhom Mohammed7,Bufaroosha Muna S.8,Hadawey Abas9,Yousif Emad2

Affiliation:

1. Forensic DNA Center for Research and Training , 54645 Al-Nahrain University , Jadriya , Baghdad 64021 , Iraq

2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science , 54645 Al-Nahrain University , P.O. Box: 64040, Jadria , Baghdad , Iraq

3. Aeronautical Technical Engineering , Al-Farahidi University , P.O. Box: 10011 , Baghdad , Iraq

4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering , 54645 Al-Nahrain University , P.O. Box: 64040, Jadria , Baghdad , Iraq

5. Department of Physics, College of Science , 54645 Al-Nahrain University , P.O. Box: 64040, Jadria , Baghdad , Iraq

6. Air Conditioning Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Warith Al-Anbiyaa University , Karbala 56001 , Iraq

7. Department of Environmental Science, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences , Alkarkh University of Science , Baghdad , 10081 , Iraq

8. Department of Chemistry, College of Science , United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain , United Arab Emirates

9. School of Engineering , London South Bank University , 103 Borough Road , London SE1 0AA , UK

Abstract

Abstract A newly synthesis composite thin films of poly(vinyl chloride) has been refinement with ionic liquid, where PVC dissolved in THF with various concentrations of IL by casting method to form the composite thin films, without any reaction and IL dangles within PVC matrix. The thin films were examined by the diffusive reflectance device under the wavelength range (238–1300 nm). The XRD, EDX, and AFM techniques were utilized to discover the structure of the PVC matrix after additive IL. The XRD analysis illustrated the amorphous structure of the films, while the EDS analysis illustrated the main composition of pure PVC and composite PVC/IL. The optical properties and optical parameters were studied. The reflectance, extinction factor, transmittance, and imaginary dielectric constant declined, the absorption value was between (80–89 %), and the refractive index, real dielectric constant, and optical conductivity were increased. The indirect energy gap declined from 4.2 eV to 2.2 eV and the direct energy gap declined from 3.7 eV to 2.6 eV. The Urbach energy was increased from 2.09 eV to 15.45 eV revealing an increase in the disorders of electrons. The E d increased from 23.42 eV to 70.68 eV and E o increased from 7.00 eV to 10.88 eV. AFM analysis illustrated the roughness of the films increased after additive IL to the PVC Matrix from 1.08 nm to 4.45 nm and the root mean square of the particles ranged from 1.57 nm to 5.56 nm. The PVC composite thin films are utilized in solar cell and sodium-ion battery applications.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

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