Proposed approaches for coronaviruses elimination from wastewater: Membrane techniques and nanotechnology solutions

Author:

Eloffy M. G.1,El-Sherif Dina M.1,Abouzid Mohamed2,Elkodous Mohamed Abd3,El-nakhas Hamada S.4,Sadek Rawia F.56,Ghorab Mohamed A.78,Al-Anazi Abdulaziz9,El-Sayyad Gharieb S.101112

Affiliation:

1. National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF , Cairo , Egypt

2. Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 6 Święcickiego Street , 60-781 Poznan , Poland

3. Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi , Aichi 441-8580 , Japan

4. Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt

5. Chemical Maintenance Unit, Experimental Training Research Reactor Number two (ETRR-2), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt

6. Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt

7. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) , Washington , DC , USA

8. Department of Animal Science, Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, Institute for Integrative Toxicology (IIT), Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA

9. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University (KSU) , P.O. Box 800 , Riyadh 11421 , Saudi

10. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University , New Galala city , Suez , Egypt

11. Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 29 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt

12. Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces , Cairo , Egypt

Abstract

Abstract Since the beginning of the third Millennium, specifically during the last 18 years, three outbreaks of diseases have been recorded caused by coronaviruses (CoVs). The latest outbreak of these diseases was Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. For this reason, current efforts of the environmental, epidemiology scientists, engineers, and water sector professionals are ongoing to detect CoV in environmental components, especially water, and assess the relative risk of exposure to these systems and any measures needed to protect the public health, workers, and public, in general. This review presents a brief overview of CoV in water, wastewater, and surface water based on a literature search providing different solutions to keep water protected from CoV. Membrane techniques are very attractive solutions for virus elimination in water. In addition, another essential solution is nanotechnology and its applications in the detection and protection of human and water systems.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Surfaces, Coatings and Films,Process Chemistry and Technology,Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Biomaterials,Medicine (miscellaneous),Biotechnology

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