In vitro study of the biphasic calcium phosphate/chitosan hybrid biomaterial scaffold fabricated via solvent casting and evaporation technique for bone regeneration

Abstract

Abstract Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP)/chitosan (Cs) composites (BCP/Cs) were assessed for reinforcement in vitro bone regeneration. BCP ceramics have been used to overcome the limitations of single-phase biomaterials. In this study, composite samples were prepared using solvent casting and the evaporation technique. The BCP powder at different concentrations (20, 30, 40, and 50%) was added to the Cs solution to obtain the composite samples. The morphologies and physicochemical properties of the prepared composites were investigated using physical methods. The biocompatibility of composites (BCP/Cs) was studied in vitro by immersion in simulated body fluid. Additionally, the cytotoxicity and viability of the composite samples were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of BCP improves the apatite-forming ability and enhances the bioactivity and biomineralization of the BCP/Cs composites. The mechanical stability of the composite sample was improved essentially by the strong interaction between BCP and the Cs matrix. In addition, the higher the amount of BCP added (50 wt%), the higher the amount of adsorbed protein, and the suitable bioactivity of composites was enhanced. Furthermore, BCP/Cs composites boosted the cell viability and cell proliferation of normal human osteocyte cells. Hence, BCP/Cs composites could be an excellent alternative to bone implants in tissue engineering applications.