Development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites: a review
Author:
Sapuan Salit Mohd1, Harussani Moklis Muhammad2, Ismail Aleif Hakimi1, Zularifin Soh Noorashikin Soh1, Mohamad Azwardi Mohamad Irsyad1, Siddiqui Vasi Uddin1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering , Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC) Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , Serdang , Selangor 43400 , Malaysia 2. Energy Science and Engineering, Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering , School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Meguro 152-8552 , Tokyo , Japan
Abstract
Abstract
In the last few years, there are rising numbers for environmental waste due to factors such as plastic based food packaging that really need to get enough attention in order to prevent the issue from becoming worse and bringing disaster to society. Thus, the uses of plastic composite materials need to be reduced and need to be replaced with materials that are natural and have low degradation to preserve nature. Based on the statistics for the global, the production of plastic has been roughly calculated for passing 400 million metric tons every year and has a high probability of approaching the value of 500 million metric tons at the year of 2025 and this issue needs to be counteracted as soon as possible. Due to that, the increasing number for recent development of natural biopolymer, as an example starch, has been investigated as the substitution for the non-biodegradable biopolymer. Besides, among all biodegradable polymers, starch has been considered as promising substitution polymer due to its renewability, easy availability, and biodegradability. Apart from that, by the reinforcement from the nanocellulose, starch fiber has an increasing in terms of mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. In this review paper, we will be discussing the up-to-date development of nanocellulose fiber reinforced starch biopolymer composites throughout this century.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy,General Materials Science,General Chemistry
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