Protective properties of AgNPs green-synthesized by Abelmoschus esculentus on retinal damage on the virtue of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in diabetic rat

Abstract

Abstract Eye retinopathy means damage to the retina of the eye, which can have various causes, both congenital and acquired. Diabetes is one of the important causes of eye retinopathy. Retinopathy can develop slowly or quickly, get better on its own, or lead to permanent damage. No treatment is recommended in the early and mild stages. However, close monitoring is essential. Severe form of the disease may require treatment. Recently, the researchers have focused on new options for the treatment of the retinal damages. Present investigation discloses the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesizing capability of the leaves of pharmacologically important Abelmoschus esculentus. Rapid, cost-effective, one-step process of formulation has been achieved. New genre AgNPs were characterized by involving ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis. Effect of AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus was assessed on the retinal injury of diabetic rats in this study. After inducing the diabetes by STZ, all rats were separated in to seven different groups (n = 20) including control, diabetic retinopathy group receiving saline solution, and AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus treated group receiving AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus (20, 40, and 80 µg/kg) for a duration of 8 weeks. After completion of the treatment protocol, the body weight and blood glucose were determined. Leukocytosis, retinal vascular permeability, fundus photography, and retinal vessel diameter, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and concentrations of IL10, NF-κB, and TNFα in the retina were assessed. AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus in all doses reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the weight, glucose, NF-κB, and TNFα concentrations, retinal leukocytosis, and vascular permeability and increased the concentrations of SOD, CAT, GSH, and IL10. Thus, the present research concludes that AgNPs@Abelmoschus esculentus effectively manages the diabetic retinopathy at the best.