Chemically modified Teucrium polium (Lamiaceae) plant act as an effective adsorbent tool for potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in wastewater remediation

Abstract

Abstract Powdered Teucrium polium leaves (S1) were modified with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) (S2), a mixture of copper sulfide (CuS) and ZnCl2 (S3), and oxalic acid (H2C2O4) (S4). The porosity, surface area, and functional groups of these four samples, along with their ability to uptake KMnO4 from solutions, were inspected to identify the optimal adsorbent. For KMnO4 adsorption by the ideal adsorbent (S2), the pHZPC (pH value at which the adsorbent surface is uncharged), influences of experimental circumstances, and dynamic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters were examined. According to the results, the surface area, pore size, pore volume, and pHZPC of the optimum adsorbent (S2) are 3.689 m2/g, 570.20 Å, 0.01776 cm3/g, and 6.4, respectively. The optimal S2 dose, the ideal value of pH solution, and equilibrium time are 0.05 g, 5.5, and 192 min, respectively. The Langmuir and second-order models are appropriate for modeling this adsorption. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 27 to 57°C increases the maximum adsorption capacity (q max) from 833.33 to 1000.00 mg/g. According to the thermodynamic data, this adsorption is both endothermic and spontaneous.