Green synthesis, chemical characterization, and antioxidant and anti-colorectal cancer effects of vanadium nanoparticles

Abstract

Abstract In this research, we have used a green approach to vanadium nanoparticle (NP) synthesis by the Salvia leriifolia watery extract. The NP characterization was performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The NPs materialized in spherical morphology with an average size of 26.26 nm. The antioxidant activity was assessed using 2-2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) assay, while the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was used to measure anti-colorectal cancer (against HCT-15‎, COLO 320, Caco-2, DLD-1‎, HT-29, and HCT-116 cell lines) and cytotoxicity (against HUVEC cell line) activity of vanadium NPs. Cancer cell line viability decreased dose dependently in the presence of V NPs. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of V NPs were 149, 125, 173, 83, 131, and 105 µg/mL against Caco-2, COLO 320, DLD-1‎, HCT-15‎, HCT-116‎, and HT-29 cell lines, respectively. In radical scavenging activity, V NPs scavenged DPPH with the IC50 value of 33 µg/mL.