Affiliation:
1. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani , New–Street-27, Zone 209, P. O. Box: 334, Kurdistan Region , Sulaymaniyah , Iraq
Abstract
Abstract
Most COVID-19 cases are treated as outpatients, while the majority of studies on COVID-19 focus on inpatients. Little is known about the self-reporting and self-rating of the disease’s symptoms, and the associations of prophylactic use of dietary supplements with COVID-19 severity have not been addressed. The aims of this study are to evaluate COVID-19 severity and to relate them to sociodemographic characteristics and prophylactic dietary supplements. An observational patient-based study conducted through an online questionnaire on recovered COVID-19 patients. The patients were assessed for several severity parameters, sociodemographic parameters, and prophylactic dietary supplement use. A total of 428 patients were evaluated. Age and presence of comorbidities had positive associations with the severity parameters. The severe infection group had the highest proportion of patients stressed about COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Cigarette, but not hookah, smoking was significantly associated with less severe symptoms. Vitamin D negatively predicted disease severity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, stress, age, and presence of comorbidities were the most important positive predictors of COVID-19 severity, while prophylactic vitamin D use and smoking were significant negative predictors. The use of protective measures and other prophylactic dietary supplements was not significantly associated with symptom severity.
Reference82 articles.
1. Jones TC, Mühlemann B, Veith T, Zuchowski M, Hofmann J, Stein A, et al. An analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral load by patient age. n.d. https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr173233#full-text-links
2. Boterman WR. Urban‐rural polarisation in times of the corona outbreak? The early demographic and geographic patterns of the SARS‐CoV‐2 epidemic in the Netherlands. Tijdschr Voor Econ En Soc Geogr. 2020;111:513–29. 10.1111/tesg.12437.
3. Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 Infection: multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation. 2020;142:4–6. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659.
4. Simonnet A, Chetboun M, Poissy J, Raverdy V, Noulette J, Duhamel A, et al. High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Obesity. 2020;28:1195–9. 10.1002/oby.22831.
5. Quan LL, Huang T, Qing WY, Ping WZ, Liang Y, Bi HT, et al. COVID-19 patients’ clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. J Med Virol. 2020;92:577–83. 10.1002/jmv.25757.
Cited by
15 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献