Oxygen saturation trends in normal healthy term newborns: normal vaginal delivery vs. elective cesarean section

Abstract

AbstractObjectives:To study the normal oxygen saturation trends and fetomaternal correlates in healthy term newborns within 30 min of life born by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and elective cesarean section (CS).Materials and methods::A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 healthy term newborns born by NVD and elective CS at a tertiary care centre. Routine care as per the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) 2015 (Wyckoff MH, Aziz K, Escobedo MB, Kapadia VS, Kattwinkel J, Perlman JM, et al. Part 13: neonatal resuscitation: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015;132:S543–60) protocol was given and pre-ductal arterial oxygen saturation was assessed by pulse oximetry at different intervals after birth.Results:The mean peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) was 85.4%, 90.8%, 94.1%, 95.7%, 96.7% and 97.4% at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min, respectively, after birth. Higher mean SpO2was observed in NVD compared to elective CS (P<0.005). The mean time for SpO2to reach >90% was 9.13 min in NVD and 12.31 min in elective CS (P<0.001). Maternal hemoglobin (Hb) (r=−0.15; P<0.01), birth weight (r=−0.125; P<0.05) and Apgar at 10 min (r=0.33; P<0.001) were significantly correlated with SpO2of newborns at 10 min of life.Conclusion:Our study defines normal SpO2levels in healthy term newborns in the first 30 min of life born by NVD and elective CS. Babies born by NVD had significantly higher SpO2levels and attained SpO2>90% faster than those born by elective CS. Maternal Hb, birth weight and Apgar at 10 min were significant factors affecting SpO2levels of newborns at 10 min of life.