Coronaviruses and their relationship with multiple sclerosis: is the prevalence of multiple sclerosis going to increase after the Covid-19 pandemia?
Author:
Lima Maria1, Aloizou Athina-Maria1, Siokas Vasileios1, Bakirtzis Christos2, Liampas Ioannis1ORCID, Tsouris Zisis1, Bogdanos Dimitrios P.3, Baloyannis Stavros J.45, Dardiotis Efthimios1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Neurology , University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly , 41100 , Larissa , Greece 2. B’ Department of Neurology , Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54636 , Thessaloniki , Greece 3. Department of Rheumatology and clinical Immunology , University General Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly , 40500 Viopolis , Larissa , Greece 4. Research Institute for Alzheimer’s disease, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 57200 Iraklio Lagkada , Thessaloniki , Greece 5. 1st Department of Neurology , AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , 54636 , Thessaloniki , Greece
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to examine whether there is a possible (etiological/triggering) relationship between infection with various Coronaviruses, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) pandemia, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and whether an increase of the prevalence of MS after the current Covid-19 pandemia should be expected, examining new and preexisting data. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS remains unknown, environmental agents seem to greatly influence the onset of the disease, with viruses being the most popular candidate. Existing data support this possible etiological relationship between viruses and MS, and experimental studies show that Coronaviruses can actually induce an MS-like demyelinating disease in animal models. Findings in MS patients could also be compatible with this coronaviral MS hypothesis. More importantly, current data from the Covid-19 pandemia show that SARS-CoV-2 can trigger autoimmunity and possibly induce autoimmune diseases, in the Central Nervous System as well, strengthening the viral hypothesis of MS. If we accept that Coronaviruses can induce MS, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the prevalence of MS after the Covid-19 pandemia. This knowledge is of great importance in order to protect the aging groups that are more vulnerable against autoimmune diseases and MS specifically, and to establish proper vaccination and health policies.
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
General Neuroscience
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