Key components of successful transition for adolescents born with anorectal malformations–a Nordic focus group study

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Transitional care for adolescents with congenital malformations, such as anorectal malformations (ARM), is described sparsely in the literature and referred to as being inadequate. In order to organize future successful healthcare structures, knowledge of patient-reported important aspects of transition is required. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the needs and expectations of transitional- and adult healthcare among adolescents and adults born with ARM. Methods Two tertiary paediatric surgical centres, in collaboration with two tertiary pelvic floor centres, in Sweden and Norway, conducted a qualitative study, involving adolescents and adults born with ARM in focus group discussions regarding transitional care. Discussions were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Ethical approval was obtained. Results Sixteen participants (10 women) with a median age of 24 (19–47) years, born with mixed subtypes of ARM were included in gender-divided focus groups. Participants emphasized a need for improved knowledge of ARM, both among patients and adult care providers. Participants identified a need for support with coping strategies regarding challenging social- and intimate situations due to impaired bowel function. Participants pin-pointed well-functioning communication between the patient and the paediatric- and adult care providers as a key factor for a successful transitional process. Further, participants emphasized the importance of easy access to specialized adult healthcare when needed, suggested to be facilitated by appointed patient navigators. Conclusion Adolescents and adults born with ARM identify improved knowledge of ARM, well-functioning communication and easy access to specialized adult care as key components of a successful transition.