Magnetic resonance spectroscopy approaches for electrochemical research

Abstract

Abstract In this review paper, we provide a short overview of the application of magnetic resonance techniques in electrochemical studies. Brief theoretical descriptions, sensitivity aspects, challenges and new opportunities of nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance have been presented here. Particular attention will be paid to the studies using ex situ and in situ methodologies and their combination to address the questions concerning the intrinsic structures and the structural transformations, ionic mobility and interfacial interactions in the energy storage and energy conversion systems. In addition, theoretical approaches to support the experimental NMR observables as well as magnetic resonance imaging have been discussed in the context of improving electrochemical performance, cycling stability and safety of batteries.