Cyclic changes to the negative coordinating conjunction from Latin to Modern French

Author:

Hansen Maj-Britt Mosegaard1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Linguistics and English Language , School of Arts, Languages and Cultures, The University of Manchester , Manchester , UK

Abstract

Abstract The evolution of the negative coordinating conjunction (‘neither’/‘nor’) from Latin to Modern French instantiates a type of cyclic development that is previously undocumented as such at the level of morphosyntax, viz. a ‘semasiological’ cycle. In effect, the conjunction appears to have taken an almost perfectly circular path. Thus, in Classical Latin, as is consonant with the typological status of that language as a Double Negation language, neque/nec was exclusively used in negative contexts. Medieval French being a Negative Concord language, on the other hand, its negative coordinating conjunction, ne, a direct descendant of neque/nec, was able to develop a full range of weak negative polarity uses. In a range of contexts, ne was thus semantically equivalent to either the additive conjunction et (‘and’) or the disjunction ou (‘or’). By the end of the Classical French period, however, the conjunction (which by then takes the form ny/ni) has lost all of its weak negative polarity uses again, and it is used only in strong negatively polar environments in Modern Standard French. Based on data from the electronic corpora Frantext and Base de Français Médiéval, I analyze the three stages of this evolution. I show that, together with other developments in the French negative system, it falsifies predictions made in the literature and has consequences for the reconstruction of negative systems in less well-documented languages.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Linguistics and Language,Language and Linguistics

Reference49 articles.

1. Antoine, Gérald. 1962. La coordination en français, vol. 2. Paris: D’Artrey.

2. Badiou-Monferran, Claire. 2004. Négation et coordination en français classique: le morphème ni dans tous ses états. Langue Française 143. 69–92. https://doi.org/10.3406/lfr.2004.6783.

3. Badiou-Monferran, Claire. 2020a. Les coordonnants et, ou, ni et les locutions coordonnantes. In Christiane Marchello-Nizia, Bernard Combettes, Tobias Scheer & Sophie Prévost (eds.), Grande grammaire historique du français, 944–961. Berlin & Boston: Mouton de Gruyter.

4. Badiou-Monferran, Claire. 2020b. Sémantique des coordonnants et, ou, ni. In Christiane Marchello-Nizia, Bernard Combettes, Tobias Scheer & Sophie Prévost (eds.), Grande grammaire historique du français, 1654–1678. Berlin & Boston: Mouton de Gruyter.

5. Base de Français Médiéval. Electronic database of Medieval and Early Renaissance French. http://txm.bfm-corpus.org/ (accessed February 2020).

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