A Complete Mathematical Model to Study the Characteristics of an Arbitrary Geometry LiNbO3 Structure for a High-Speed Mach–Zehnder Modulator for RADAR Applications

Abstract

AbstractIn graded index fiber, some degree of ellipticity is found. So it is important to study the effect which is little bit different from circularity. With the help of a new method illustrated in this paper, the core fields in case of non-circular profile can be written in a more simple way. The convenient feature of this method is that mode patterns can be found by simple analysis of algebraic equations. Ray path propagations in graded non-circular fibers were already studied by researchers. However, we provide the analysis of mode field using Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) method. In our analysis, the core fields of step index fibers are considered assuming the elliptical core-cladding interface followed by the limiting cases with focus approaches to infinity and focus approaches to zero. Finally, modes for parabolic profile with circular refractive index are discussed with the concept of bounded and leaky modes. The convenient feature of this method is that mode patterns can be analytically studied. In this paper, the main focus is also on the experimental characteristic of optical communication link and of their components. We give an introduction to optical fiber systems and various phenomena related to it. The phenomena of attenuation and dispersion are discussed elaborately and details are provided through experimental observation and verification. All the details about various topics mentioned above are concluded and verified through experiments. This type of an arbitrary optical waveguide structure has a vast application in microwave engineering where the high-speed Mach–Zehnder modulator is going to deployed.