Ultrasound to estimate the physical-mechanical properties of tropical wood species grown in an agroforestry system

Abstract

Abstract The great diversity of tropical wood species makes it difficult to obtain information about their technological properties. The present work employed ultrasound to estimate the physical and mechanical properties of four wood species: African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis), ‘freijó’ (Cordia goeldiana), ‘paricá’ (Schizolobium amazonicum), and teak (Tectona grandis). Nineteen-year-old adult trees were selected and harvested from an agroforestry system (AFS) located in the Brazilian Amazon. From the harvested trees, 1.5 m logs were sawn and test specimens were obtained for physical-mechanical assays. The ultrasound propagation speed (V 0) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity (E d ) were obtained from applying ultrasound longitudinally in wood samples. Values of V 0 decreased from the lightest wood (paricá) to the heaviest (African mahogany), and E d presented the opposite behavior. For the physical properties, the coefficient of determination (R 2) ranged from 12 to 35% and the best linear regression models were fitted for the basic density, having V 0 and E d as independent variables. For the mechanical properties, the values of R 2 varied from 18 to 63% and higher correlations were found between parallel-to-grain compression strength and E d , and rigidity, static bending and Ed. Ultrasound presented the potential to estimate the properties of tropical wood species from the ASF.