Lipid profile and genetic status in a familial hypercholesterolemia pediatric population: exploring the LDL/HDL ratio

Author:

Di Taranto Maria Donata12,de Falco Renato12,Guardamagna Ornella3,Massini Giulia3,Giacobbe Carola12,Auricchio Renata4,Malamisura Basilio4,Proto Michela4,Palma Daniela12,Greco Luigi4,Fortunato Giuliana15

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy

2. CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , Naples , Italy

3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Sanità Pubblica e Pediatriche , Università degli Studi di Torino , Turin , Italy

4. Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali , Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II , Naples , Italy

5. CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c. a r.l. , via Gaetano Salvatore 486 , 80145 Naples , Italy , Phone: +39-081.746.4200

Abstract

Abstract Background Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in genes involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake (LDLR, APOB and PCSK9). Genetic diagnosis is particularly useful in asymptomatic children allowing for the detection of definite FH patients. Furthermore, defining their genetic status may be of considerable importance as the compound heterozygous status is much more severe than the heterozygous one. Our study aims at depicting the genetic background of an Italian pediatric population with FH focusing on the correlation between lipid profile and genetic status. Methods Out of 196 patients with clinically suspected FH (LDL-cholesterol [LDL-C] levels above 3.37 mmol/L, cholesterol level above 6.46 mmol/L in a first-degree relative or the presence of premature cardiovascular acute disease in a first/second-degree relative), we screened 164 index cases for mutations in the LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 genes. Results Patients with mutations (129/164) showed increased levels of LDL-C, 95th percentile-adjusted LDL-C and LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and decreased levels of HDL-C, adjusted HDL-C. The association of the LDL/HDL ratio with the presence of mutations was assessed independently of age, (body mass index) BMI, parental hypercholesterolemia, premature coronary artery disease (CAD), triglycerides by multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio [OR]=1.701 [1.103–2.621], p=0.016). The LDL/HDL ratio gradually increased from patients without mutations to patients with missense mutations, null mutations and compound heterozygotes. Conclusions In conclusion, the LDL/HDL ratio proved to be a better parameter than LDL-C for discriminating patients with from patients without mutations across different genetic statuses.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Subject

Biochemistry (medical),Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine

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