Comprehensive assessment of cardiovascular disease risk in children with short stature due to isolated growth hormone deficiency: a case-control study
Author:
Gupta Saniya1, Dayal Devi1ORCID, Rohit Manoj Kumar2, Gawalkar Atit A.2ORCID, Raj Kumar Manish2, Attri Savita Verma1, Sachdeva Naresh3, Kaur Harvinder1
Affiliation:
1. Department of Pediatrics , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India 2. Department of Cardiology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India 3. Department of Endocrinology , Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although children with GHD are also believed to have a similar cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk beginning at an early age, the available data in children is scarce. We aimed to determine the various CVD risk parameters in children with isolated GHD (IGHD).
Methods
A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in North India comparing various auxological, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters between 20 IGHD children aged 5–15 years and their age and sex-matched healthy controls.
Results
The mean age of children with IGHD and controls was similar (10.5 ± 2.6 yr vs. 9.9 ± 2.7 yr, p=0.48). Children with IGHD had significantly higher waist-hip-ratio (p=0.01), total cholesterol (p=0.02), non-high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (p=0.02), serum homocysteine (p<0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.01) and pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) (p=0.04) levels as compared to healthy controls. Left ventricular mass (LVM) and interventricular septal thickness were significantly lower (p=0.04; p=0.02) in IGHD children. Correlation analysis showed that pro-BNP and CRP levels had negative correlation (p<0.001, r=−0.70; and p=0.04, r=−0.44, respectively) and LVM had a positive correlation (p=0.02, r=0.53) with height SDS among IGHD children.
Conclusions
Children with IGHD showed abnormalities in several biochemical and cardiac parameters that may be associated with an increased CVD risk in later life. More extensive studies, including younger children with IGHD, are needed to determine the lower ages at which the CVD risk is detectable.
Funder
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Subject
Endocrinology,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
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