Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Abstract Objectives Bangladesh has limited information regarding incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young people. The objective of this study was to measure minimum incidence of T1D and T2D, and record other types of new-onset diabetes in children and adolescents <20 years (y), in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, from 2011–2018. Methods Retrospective study using clinical records from Diabetic Association of Bangladesh clinics. Cases were classified by clinical evaluation. Results 725 cases were diagnosed. 482 (66.5%) had T1D, 205 (28.3%) T2D, 14 (1.9%) fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes, and 24 (3.3%) other types. Male:female ratios for T1D/T2D were 1:1.6 (p<0.0001) (T1D) and 1:1.4 (p<0.01) respectively. T1D cases by age-group were 7.3% (0–4 y), 19.9% (5–9 y), 43.6% (10–14 y) and 29.3% (15–19 y). Mean ± SD ages of onset were 12.3 ± 4.2 y (T1D) and 13.1 ± 2.4 y (T2D). Annual T1D mean incidences/100,000 were 1.22 [95%CI: 0.85–1.58] (<15 y) and 1.25 [0.94–1.57] (<20 y), and for T2D 0.52 [0.33–0.73] (<20 y). T1D incidence <15 y was 1.04 [0.69–1.39] in 2011 and 1.42 [1.04–1.80] in 2018 (p=0.08). T2D incidence rose from 0.22 [0.80–0.36] (2011) to 0.57 [0.36–0.77] (2018), an annualized increase of 12% [8–22%] (p=0.001). Ascertainment was estimated as 95%. Conclusions T1D was most common, but T2D, FCPD and other forms also occur. T2D incidence increased during the study period.