Attenuation of hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colonic epithelial cells in DMBA-induced cancer by administering Andrographis paniculata Nees extract using animal model

Abstract

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the potential of Andrographis paniculata ethanolic extract to inhibit the increase in proliferation and induction of abnormal cell death. Methods The hyperplasia stage as an early stage of cancer development was induced by oral administration of 20 mg/Kg BW DMBA to SD rats twice a week for 5 weeks. There were five groups in this study include negative control, positive control, and treatment groups of DMBA induction followed by administration of A. paniculata ethanolic extract in doses equivalent to 10, 30 or 100 mg/Kg BW andrographolide once per day for 6 consecutive weeks. On the last day, rats were sacrificed, lung and colon tissues were collected. Histological examination by HE staining and immunohistochemistry using p53, telomerase, and caspase-3 antibodies were aimed at observing hyperplasia state in these tissues. Results DMBA induction to SD rats was able to produce hyperplasia in lung parenchymal and colon epithelial tissue. This can be showed by the increasing number of proliferated cells and as indicated by the number of brown-colored nuclei with sharper intensity. As well telomerase appears to be overexpressed strongly, while p53 and caspase-3 show low intensity. The administration of A. paniculata extract for 6 weeks showed a decrease in the number of cells that actively proliferate, a decrease in telomerase activity, and an increase in caspase-3 levels which indicate cellular death activity. Conclusions A. paniculata ethanolic extract can inhibit the development of cancer at the hyperplasia stage by reducing telomerase activity and increasing apoptosis, marked by an increase of caspase-3 expressions.