The underlying causes, treatment options of gut microbiota and food habits in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review

Author:

Adhikary Krishnendu1ORCID,Sarkar Riya2,Maity Sriparna2,Banerjee Ipsita3,Chatterjee Prity4,Bhattacharya Koushik5ORCID,Ahuja Deepika5,Sinha Nirmalya Kumar6,Maiti Rajkumar7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Interdisciplinary Science , Centurion University of Technology & Management , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India

2. Department of Medical Laboratory Technology , 231513 Dr. B. C. Roy Academy of Professional Courses , Durgapur , West Bengal , India

3. Department of Nutrition , Paramedical College Durgapur , Durgapur , West Bengal , India

4. Department of Biotechnology , Paramedical College Durgapur , Durgapur , West Bengal , India

5. School of Paramedics and Allied Health Sciences , Centurion University of Technology & Management , Bhubaneswar , Odisha , India

6. Department of Nutrition and Department of NSS , Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College (Autonomous) , Midnapore , West Bengal , India

7. Department of Physiology , 326624 Bankura Christian College , Bankura , West Bengal , India

Abstract

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a long-lasting endocrine disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycaemia, which is often triggered by an entire or relative inadequacy of insulin production or insulin resistance. As a result of resistance to insulin (IR) and an overall lack of insulin in the body, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic illness that is characterized by hyperglycaemia. Notably, the occurrence of vascular complications of diabetes and the advancement of IR in T2DM are accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Due to the difficulties in managing the disease and the dangers of multiple accompanying complications, diabetes is a chronic, progressive immune-mediated condition that plays a significant clinical and health burden on patients. The frequency and incidence of diabetes among young people have been rising worldwide. The relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the physio-pathological characteristics of T2DM proposes a novel way to monitor the condition and enhance the effectiveness of therapies. Our knowledge of the microbiota of the gut and how it affects health and illness has changed over the last 20 years. Species of the genus Eubacterium, which make up a significant portion of the core animal gut microbiome, are some of the recently discovered ‘generation’ of possibly helpful bacteria. In this article, we have focused on pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches towards T2DM, with a special reference to gut bacteria from ancient times to the present day.

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

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