Frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves at optically induced temporal boundaries in GaAs waveguides-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves at optically induced temporal boundaries in GaAs waveguides

Published:2024-05-20 Issue:17 Volume:13 Page:3077-3089
ISSN:2192-8614
Container-title:Nanophotonics
language:en
Short-container-title:

Author:

Takano Keisuke¹^ORCID,Uchiyama Satoko¹,Nagase Shintaro¹^ORCID,Tsuchimoto Yuka¹,Nakanishi Toshihiro²^ORCID,Nakata Yosuke³⁴^ORCID,Pérez-Urquizo Joel⁵⁶^ORCID,Madéo Julien⁵^ORCID,Dani Keshav M.⁵^ORCID,Miyamaru Fumiaki¹^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , 13056 Shinshu University , Nagano 390-8621 , Japan

2. Department of Electronic Science and Engineering , 74062 Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan

3. Graduate School of Engineering Science , 320550 Osaka University , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan

4. Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology , 320550 Osaka University , Osaka 560-0043 , Japan

5. Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit , 508336 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University , Okinawa 904-0495 , Japan

6. Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieire ENS , 27063 Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université , Université de Paris , F-75005 Paris , France

Abstract

Abstract In this study, the frequency down-conversion of terahertz waves is analytically and experimentally demonstrated at the temporal boundaries within a GaAs waveguide. The temporal boundary is established by photoexciting the top surface of the waveguide, thereby instantaneously increasing its electrical conductivity. This photoexcited waveguide supports a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode with a frequency lower than those of the transverse magnetic (TM) modes present in the original waveguide. At the temporal boundary, the incident TM mode couples with the TEM mode, resulting in frequency down-conversion. Subtracting the propagation loss from the frequency-converted components indicates that the frequency conversion occurs with an efficiency consistent with the analytical predictions. The propagation loss is primarily due to ohmic loss, caused by the finite electrical conductivity of the photoexcited region. Given that the frequency of transverse electric modes is up-converted at the temporal boundary, our findings suggest that the direction of frequency conversion (upward or downward) can be controlled by manipulating the incident polarization. The polarization-dependent frequency conversion in waveguides holds significant potential for applications in devices designed for the interconversion of terahertz signals across various frequency channels. This capability is instrumental in the development of frequency-division-multiplexed terahertz wave communication systems, thereby enabling high data transfer rates.

Funder

Takano Gakujutsu-Shinko-Zaidan

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology

Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Link

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0010/pdf

Reference42 articles.

1. T. Kleine-Ostmann and T. Nagatsuma, “A review on terahertz communications research,” J. Infrared, Millimeter, Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 143–171, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-010-9758-1.

2. J. Ma, N. J. Karl, S. Bretin, G. Ducournau, and D. M. Mittleman, “Frequency-division multiplexer and demultiplexer for terahertz wireless links,” Nat. Commun., vol. 8, no. 1, p. 729, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00877-x.

3. Y. Cao, K. Nallappan, G. Xu, and M. Skorobogatiy, “Add drop multiplexers for terahertz communications using two-wire waveguide-based plasmonic circuits,” Nat. Commun., vol. 13, no. 1, p. 4090, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31590-z.

4. P. Komorowski, et al.., “Frequency division multiplexing of terahertz waves realized by diffractive optical elements,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 14, p. 6246, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146246.

5. B. Ramamurthy and B. Mukherjee, “Wavelength conversion in WDM networking,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1061–1073, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.725178.