1. Department of Mathematical Sciences and the Center for Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence, (CMAI), George Mason University , Fairfax , VA 22030 , USA
2. Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University , 1–33, Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku , 263-8522, Chiba , Japan
3. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku , 263-8522, Chiba , Japan
4. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3–27–1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku , Yokohama , 221–8686 , Japan