Affiliation:
1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
Abstract
AbstractFluorescent carbon dots (CDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials and have demonstrated excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, great aqueous solubility, low cost, and simple synthesis. Since their discovery, various synthesis methods using different precursors were developed, which were mainly classified as top-down and bottom-up approaches. CDs have presented many applications, and this review article mainly focuses on the development of CD-based fluorescent sensors. The sensing mechanisms, sensor design, and sensing properties to various targets are summarized. Broad ranges of detection, including temperature, pH, DNA, antibiotics, cations, cancer cells, and antibiotics, have been discussed. In addition, the challenges and future directions for CDs as sensing materials are also presented.
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