Green synthesis and applications of mono/bimetallic nanoparticles on mesoporous clay: a review

Abstract

Abstract Green nanotechnology comprises the use of natural sources such as plant extracts as both reducing and stabilizing agents thereby reducing the reliance on hazardous chemicals. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology involve the incorporation of various metals to create mono and bimetallic nanoparticles, catalyzing transformative shifts. However, concerns arise due to the environmental impact of traditional synthesis methods. An alternative approach focuses on biosynthesized metal nanoparticles using clay, specifically Bentonite, MMT (Montmorillonite) and Kaolinite as supportive materials, emphasizing the prevention of agglomeration with clay and the use of plant extracts. The integration of clay, especially Bentonite, MMT and Kaolinite enhances the stability and functionality. The review emphasizes mitigating environmental impact by reducing metal ions and explores the use of phytochemicals fro environmentally friendly nanoparticle synthesis. Incorporating clay minerals not only improves synthesis efficiency but also minimizes the ecological footprint. Future research is expected to focus on integrative approaches in plant nanotechnology, particularly in agriculture and broader plant science. The comprehensive review covers literature from 2015 to 2023, providing systematic and interpretative data, highlighting progress and potential in eco-friendly metal nanoparticles synthesis supported on clay minerals.