Self-Selection in Responding to a Health Risk Appraisal: Are We Preaching to the Choir?

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were a) to examine behavioral and sociodemographic factors associated with voluntary response to a health risk appraisal (HRA), and b) to assess the effect of HRA feedback on subsequent preventive health behaviors and risk-taking behaviors. After collection of health behavior data from a larger sample participating in a Navy-wide health promotion evaluation, an HRA was mailed to a random subsample of 625 individuals. A total of 270 (43%) people responded to the HRA and received printed feedback. Follow-up health behavior data were collected one year later from 93 of the 270 HRA respondents. These 93 individuals were then matched with a control group who did not receive an HRA but had provided health behavior data both times. Analyses revealed that HRA respondents were older, better educated, had higher health status, smoked less, consumed less alcohol, and used seat belts more often than nonrespondents. Separate analyses of HRA respondents and matched controls indicated that HRA participation had no significant effect on subsequent preventive health behaviors or risk-taking behaviors. Results suggest limitations of the HRA as an effective cue to behavior change.