Epidemiology of injuries among patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, affiliated with the national trauma registry of Iran

Abstract

Objective: Trauma is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity globally. The current study aimed to improve the understanding of characteristics, severity of injuries and outcomes of trauma patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia, Iran. Methods: Data were obtained from the trauma registry of Imam Khomeini Hospital, a level 1 trauma referral center, for all patients admitted to the center from 17 september 2016 to 21 January 2023. Patients’ demographics, injury mechanisms, and patients' outcomes were analyzed. Results: The emergency department attended to 5555 trauma patients. The gender distribution was with 3998 (71.9%) males and 1557 (29.1%) females. Patients' age ranged from 1 to 101 years, with a mean±standard deviation (SD) of 33.1 (±20.7) years. Road traffic accidents followed by falls were the most common causes of traumas reported in 2138 (38.5%) and 1298 (23.4%) trauma patients, respectively. The in-hospital mortality rate was 0.9% (53 patients). The mean (±SD) age of death was 43.5 (±22.4) years. 569 (10.2%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The univariable logistic regression models showed that there were significant associations between age (P<0.001), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (P<0.001), injury severity score (ISS) (P<0.001), and mechanical ventilation (P<0.001) as independent variables and death outcome. The univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant associations between age, cause of trauma, ISS, GCS and body site injury with ICU admission. The odds of ICU admission in patients after being adjusted for age, ISS, GCS, cause of trauma and type of transportation was 1.73 times higher in head, face, and neck injuries compared to limb injuries.  (adjusted OR: 1.73, [95% CI: 1.23,2.42]; P<0.01). Conclusion: Older age, low GCS, higher ISS and mechanical ventilation were associated with higher mortality. Older age, higher ISS, lower GCS, body site injury, type of transportation, and cause of trauma were all significant independent predictors of ICU admission.