Evaluation of Osteoporosis Frequency in Patients With Recurrent Kidney Stones

Abstract

Osteoporosis is defined as a reduction in bone density up to 2.5 standard deviations less than the maximum mean bone density in humans. It is estimated that 50% to 80% of the differences in the bone mass of the individuals are related to their genetic and heredity. The prevalence of osteoporosis is 6% in Iran, in which it is more than Japanese and less than in the United States. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones (those who had referred to the stone clinic more than one time) undergoing bone density measurement using the DEXA method to determine the presence or absence of osteoporosis (Reduction of bone density up to 2.5 standard deviations less than the maximum mean bone density) were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were patients with metabolic diseases, corticosteroid intake, renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, and age >60 years. According to the results of this study, there were 61 patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones, which 34 of them (55.74%) were male and 27 (44.26%) were female; the mean age was 42.41±9.8 years (ranging from 18 to 60 years). Evaluation of frequency distribution of patients showed that 18% of patients had osteoporosis. In this study, 52.5% of patients were without osteoporosis and osteopenia. It should be noted that 29.5% of patients had only osteopenia. The frequency distribution of osteoporosis in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones by gender showed that four males (36.4%) and seven females (63.6%) had osteoporosis. There was no significant relationship between gender and osteoporosis in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones (P=0.153). There was also no significant relationship between gender and osteopenia in these patients (P=0.380). There was no significant relationship between age and osteoporosis in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones (P=0.203). There was no significant relationship between BMI and osteoporosis in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones (P=0.344). There was no significant relationship between osteoporosis with age and BMI in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones, and the highest percentage of osteoporosis was in the spine region, which consisted of 8.2% of all patients. There was no significant relationship between osteopenia with gender and BMI in patients with a history of recurrent kidney stones, but there was a significant relationship between age and osteopenia in patients with recurrent kidney stones.