Impact of Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Gene Polymorphisms on Risk of Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study and Computational Analyses

Abstract

Objective: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a common psychiatric disorder characterized by a complex mode of inheritance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) mainly regulates lipid and glucose metabolisms while it is constitutively expressed in rat primary microglial cultures. This preliminary study was aimed to investigate the relationship of two polymorphisms in the PPARG gene, rs1801282 C/G, and rs3856806 C/T, to the risk of SCZ in the southeast Iranian population. Method: A total of 300 participants (150 patients with SCZ and 150 healthy controls) were enrolled. Genotyping was done using the amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS–PCR) technique. Computational analyses were carried out to predict the potential effects of the studied polymorphisms. Results: A significant link was found between genotypes of rs1801282 and SCZ susceptibility. The G allele of rs1801282 in CG and GG form of the codominant model increased the risk of SCZ by 2.49 and 2.64 folds, respectively. With regards to rs3856806, enhanced risk of SCZ was also observed under different inheritance models except for the overdominant model. Also, the T allele of rs3856806 enhanced the risk of SCZ by 3.19 fold. Computational analyses predicted that rs1801282 polymorphism might alter the secondary structure of PPARG-mRNA and protein function. At the same time, the other variant created the binding sites for some enhancer and silencer motifs. Conclusion: Our findings showed that PPARG rs1821282 and rs3856806 polymorphisms associate with SCZ susceptibility. Replication studies in different ethnicities with a larger population are needed to validate our findings.