Mortality and morbidity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A single-center experience

Abstract

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most common cause of non-ischemic strokes. Considering high mortality and poor functional status following ICH, we investigated factors that can predict short-term outcome and affect recovery of these patients. Methods: In this prospective descriptive study, 100 patients with non-traumatic ICH were included. Clinical and radiographic data were collected and extent of disability was measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after discharge. Results: 32 of 100 cases died at hospital and 6 more expired during 3-month follow-up. Risk factors of in-hospital mortality were warfarin use, surgical intervention, and high ICH score. Functional status of patients significantly improved 3 months after discharge. Factors associated with poor recovery were age older than 70, history of coronary artery disease (CAD), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP), longer hospitalization, and high ICH score. Conclusion: ICH was associated with high rate of mortality (36%). Warfarin use, surgical intervention, and high ICH score were predictive of mortality during hospitalization and 3-month follow-up. Improvement of functional status began after 1 month and significantly improved 3 months after discharge.