COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY – BASICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN DENTISTRY

Abstract

BACKGROUND:To ascertain the basics of CT scan in summarizing the principles, generations, image construction process and its applications in the field of dentistry which can be performed safely following the ALARA principles. In the past decade, 2D conventional radiographs provided images with internal and supporting structures of tooth, resulting in superimposition of the object of interest. Eventually, CT scan has developed computer network system for image process and transmission leading to 3D structural information without superimposition. These changes of CT scan with current standards will be elaborated in this review of article in detail. METHODS: Literature search using Medline from the year of 1973 – 2014 were performed. Review articles and textbooks were also collected by Hand search from the same period. DISCUSSION: CT is a systematic collection of radiation and detectors combining with the computer forming a cross sectional image of any part of the oral cavity. An overview of principles and mechanism of CT components, Generations of CT, Image Construction process, Contrast agents commonly used in the oral cavity and its adverse effects, applications of CT and advances of CT in the field of dentistry from past decades till the recent advances were elaborated in this review. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in CT helps in detecting the pathologies in intrinsic and extrinsic approach following the ALARA principles which is also cost-effective, improving the examination accessibility, diagnostic accuracy of deep-seated lesions and quality of patient’s life. KEYWORDS: Dental X-rays; Computed Tomography; Literature review; Intraoral X-rays.