Efficacy of Selected Insecticides in Combination with Economic Thresholds in Managing Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Maize Grown in Mexico

Abstract

Abstract In Mexico, conventional insecticides are the main tools used to manage the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in maize, Zea mays L. This scenario results in the need to continually assess the biological efficacy of insecticides used to combat this pest. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of insecticides with different modes of action in diverse locations under different levels of S. frugiperda larval infestation. The insecticides evaluated decreased larval density per plant to levels below the recommended economic threshold (ET) of 2.0 larvae per 10 plants (0.2/plant), resulting in decreased levels of damage to the plant whorl. When applied at infestation levels below the ET, larval numbers remained below the ET for at least 7–14 d after application. In contrast, when applied with infestation levels above the recommended ET, the performance of some insecticides in terms of effectively reducing larval density decreased. We, however, found that Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole; FMC Agroquímica de México), Clavis® (thiodicarb + triflumuron; Bayer de México), and Pleo® 50 EC (pyridalyl; Valent de México) can be used under these conditions to provide adequate protection up to 21 d after application. The information obtained in our experiments confirms the need to adjust the current ET depending on the type of compound to be used, since the insecticides used performed more efficiently and for a long time at densities lower than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants.