Relationship between deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth in patients reporting for Orthodontic treatment

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Deep bite causes a traumatic occlusion, which exerts pressure on the supporting structures with increase in the rate of inflammation and damage to the periodontal tissue. The continuous pressure produces an injury to the gingival surface and periodontal tissues of the opposing teeth in the arch.AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth in patients requiring Orthodontic treatments.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was based on data collected from the digital database of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Over 86000 patient records were reviewed and analyzed over a six month period from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 1000 case sheets were cross verified for error was done by presence of additional reviewers and by photographic evaluation. Simple random sampling was done to minimize sampling bias. After reviewing, 1000 case sheets were filtered based on data required. The final sample size was 171 patients with a deep bite. Inclusion criteria: Patient with deep bite, periodontal problem, lip competence. The data was entered in Excel Spreadsheets. And the collected data was analysed using SPSS software version 19. Chi square test was used to statistically evaluate the results.RESULTS: In the present study, the OHIS score was poor in 10% of the patients within the age group of 61-72, fair in 35% of patients within the age group 21-30. Males were found to have slightly better status of gingiva (40%) compared to females (30%). 6% of the male patients were found to have generalised chronic periodontitis compared to 3% of female patients. The results obtained were statistically significant (p<0.005). This study showed that there was a significant relationship between patients with deep bite and periodontal problems.CONCLUSION: The current study showed that there is a relationship between patients who seek orthodontic treatment for deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth.