Exosomes and Paper-Based Biosensors for Early Oral Cancer Screening

Abstract

Oral cancer is a severe hazard across the world due to its poor overall survival and potential to metastasize to different sites of the body. Despite recent advances in diagnostics, detecting Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) remains difficult. Conventional clinical diagnostics with assisted vital staging and optical approaches like velscope to identify OPMDs are both complex and ineffective. Rapid, easier, non-invasive and non-expensive methods with high sensitivity and specificity for precise diagnosis of OPMDs and Oral Cancer is the need of the hour to improve patient survival. Exosomes has recently become an appealing cancer biomarker in non-invasive early detection. Exosomes have unique physiology and pathology characteristics that reflect the cancer microenvironment and play a critical role in the incidence and development of cancer. Paper based biosensors have generated a lot of interest because of their excellent qualities like reduced technique sensitivity and real time output implying prospective role in cancer detection. In this review, we discuss in detail about paper based biosensor tools for early detection of various biomarkers, especially molecular identification and exosomes in oral cancer.