Clinicopathological study of nodular goiter and thyroid malignancy in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Nodular goiter is a clinicopathological entity characterized by an increased volume of the thyroid gland with formation of nodules. Nodular goiter occurs due to repeated hyperstimulation of thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency, goitrogens, anti-thyroid drugs and genetic defects. Nodular goiter can have different complications which include tracheal compression, retrosternal extension, malignancy and secondary thyrotoxicosis. The present study attempted to study clinical presentation of nodular goiter and to determine the incidence of thyroid cancer in solitary nodular goiter and multinodular goiter in patients admitted in surgery ward of IGMCRI, Puducherry. Retrospective record-based study and single-center study was carried out between January-2011 to December-2019 on consecutive 230 patients admitted in surgery ward with nodular goiter and age above 18 years. Ethics approval was obtained from Institute Ethics Committee (IEC) of IGMCRI. Demographic variables (age and gender), Diagnosis, FNAC, BIOPSY and Carcinoma frequency was assessed in the present study. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and the data underwent analysis using descriptive statistics involving tables, graphs and bar diagrams. In our study, majority of the study participants (90.4%) belonged to female gender. Maximum patient cases (34.78%) belonged to adult range within 31-40 years.