Anticipating future global health crises

Abstract

Introduction: Despite initial optimism about controlling infectious diseases with antibiotics and vaccines, the emergence of the HIV pandemic and recent global health crises have highlighted the persistent threat of infectious diseases. The rise of antimicrobial resistance, novel viral agents like SARS-CoV-2, and bioterrorism underscore the need for ongoing vigilance. Emerging infectious diseases are those with increasing incidence or potential for increase, often stemming from zoonotic origins due to human-animal interactions and environmental changes. Aim: This article aims to review strategies for addressing emerging infectious diseases and preparing for future pandemics, emphasizing the roles of healthcare professionals and essential preparedness measures. Methods: A comprehensive review of historical and recent data on infectious disease emergence, including zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance, was conducted. The roles of physicians, pharmacists, and nurses in managing these diseases are analyzed, along with strategies for pandemic preparedness. Results: Effective strategies include strengthening global surveillance systems, investing in research and development of vaccines and treatments, improving preparedness planning, and fostering international collaboration. Key roles of healthcare professionals include diagnosis, treatment, medication management, infection control, and patient education.