1. Department of Health and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2. Department of Sports Cultural Studies, Hokkaido University of Education, Iwamizawa, Japan
3. Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Fuji Women’s University, Ishikari, Japan
4. Department of Sport Education, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Japan
5. Faculty of Education, Saga University, Saga, Japan