1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
2. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
3. State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
4. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
5. CanmetMATERIALS, Natural Resources Canada, Hamilton, Canada