1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Washington, DC: HHS; 2018.
2. Lipari RN, Van Horn SL. Children Living With Parents Who Have a Substance Use Disorder. Rockville, MD: CBHSQ; 2017.
3. American Academy of Pediatrics. America’s opioid crisis: the unseen impact on children fact sheet. https://www.aap.org/en-us/advocacy-and-policy/federal-advocacy/Documents/Opioid-StateFactsheets/opioid_fs_united_states.pdf. Published May 10, 2018. Accessed March 25, 2021.
4. United Hospital Fund. The Ripple Effect: National and State Estimates of the U.S. Opioid Epidemic’s Impact on Children. New York, NY: United Hospital Fund; 2019.
5. Estimates of US children exposed to alcohol abuse and dependence in the family